Abstract: Controls the type seal accumulator cell’s in actual use maintenance and management angle embarking from the communication facility with the valve, to affected the accumulator cell life the factor to carry on the analysis, how to enhance battery’s service life to carry on the discussion, and according to the daily some maintenance experience, put forward the proposal to accumulator cell’s maintenance.
Key word: The valve controls the type seal lead-acid battery; Charging and discharging control; Temperature compensation; Maintenance management
Introduction
Along with telecommunication corporate business swift development, communication network scale gradual expansion, high frequency switching power supply, UPS (UPS) and so on power equipment’s quantities also along with it sharp growth, thus enabled the accumulator cell to obtain the widespread application. The valve controls the type seal accumulator cell to be small by its volume, the explosion-proof security, the voltage regulation, does not have the pollution, the weight to be light, the electric discharge performance is high, maintenance quantity small and so on characteristics, but becomes the correspondence electrical power system’s first choice battery. But in the actual use, because of all sorts of reasons, the factor which specially some maintenances do not arrive causes the battery service life to be short, cannot achieve the theory life expectancy the case to be everywhere. Should work originally 8~10 battery, damages mostly in 2~3 years, some even link 1 year life also not to be able to achieve, thus has brought the enormous safe hidden danger for communication facility’s normal work, simultaneously has created the enormous economic loss. Except battery itself qualitative factors outside, because the charging and discharging controlled unreasonable as well as maintain improper cause the case which the battery discarded ahead of time to account for the very great proportion. The battery charging and discharging control produces unreasonable the influence is huge, like the battery early time capacity loses, the irreversible sulfuric acid salt chemicals, hot out of control, the electrolyte dry and so on unreasonable to concern with the charging and discharging control. Carries on the management and the maintenance reliably reasonably to the battery, can guarantee that the battery has the long service life, thus achieves the guarantee communication facility to use electricity uninterruptedly and to save the maintenance fund goal. Therefore, in the communication facility uses electricity in the source system’s maintenance, accumulator cell’s maintenance management has accounted for the quite great proportion, how can display the accumulator cell to take the reserve power source’s function fully, in the use achieves or approaches its design life as far as possible, has become a question which the attendants need to discuss thoroughly.
1 influence battery life factor
At present, what the valve controls the seal lead-acid battery use to be many are the 2V series and the 12V series. These two kind of battery’s life difference is big, generally the 2V series’s design life is in 8~10, the 12V series design life is 3~6 years. Considered price factor, what at present in communications system to the UPS general disposition is the 12V series battery, what to high frequency switching power supply general disposition is the 2V series battery.
Generally the accumulator cell manufacturer provides the accumulator cell design life as the specific environment’s under theoretical value, the physical life and the battery room ambient temperature, rectifier’s parameter establishment, the routine maintenance as well as the movement condition has the very big relations.
1.1 ambient temperature influence
The ambient temperature is very big to the accumulator cell service life’s influence. Ambient temperature’s elevation, will accelerate the battery slab lattice the corrosion and increases in the battery the moisture content loss, thus causes the battery life big reduction. In the ordinary circumstances, the temperature elevates every time 10℃, the battery service life will reduce 50%, a temperature higher influence is bigger. In the communication facility controls in seal lead-acid battery profession standard YD/T799-2002 with the valve to stipulate, the high temperature acceleration floating length-of-life test is converts into one year normal service life by an ambient temperature 55℃ next 42 day of charging and discharging experiment, thus it can be seen high temperature to battery life influence. Accumulator cell’s best use ambient temperature for 20~25℃.
1.2 charge insufficiencies
Under normal condition, battery when electric discharge forms the lead sulfate to crystallize, when charge can return to original state easily into the lead. If uses improper, for example will be at the condition which for a long time the charge will be insufficient, the cathode gradually will form one kind of thick hard lead sulfate, it will be nearly insoluble, will be very difficult with the conventional method to cause it to transform as the active material, thus reduced the battery capacity, will become the battery end-of-life the reason, this kind of phenomenon will be called pole plate’s irreversible sulfuric acid salt chemicals.
1.3 overchargings
Because the accumulator cell under the long-term surcharge condition, the positive electrode analyzes the oxygen to respond that the water is consumed, the hydrogen ion concentration increases, causes nearby the positive electrode the acidity to increase, the slab lattice corrosion acceleration, causes the battery capacity to reduce. At the same time, because the water loss intensifies, enables the accumulator cell to have the dry danger, thus influence battery life.
1.4 electric discharges
The battery the electric discharge mainly has occurred after the alternating current supply power cut, accumulator cell long time for load power supply. When the accumulator cell is discharged excessively the final voltage or is lower (stems from power source itself to battery discharge final voltage establishment not to permit, or some simply have not had electric discharge protective device), causes the battery interior to have the massive lead sulfates to adsorb accumulator cell’s cathode surface, the lead sulfate is one kind of insulator, will certainly to have the very tremendous negative influence to accumulator cell’s charging and discharging performance, therefore, forms on the negative pole the lead sulfate are more, accumulator cell’s interface resistance is bigger, accumulator cell’s charging and discharging performance is worse, the service life is shorter. A depth the electric discharge will possibly have caused battery’s service life to reduce for 1~2 years, will create battery’s abandonment.
1.5 are at the floating condition for a long time
The accumulator cell under the long-term floating condition, only charges, but does not discharge, it the influence and the overcharging is the same to the battery.
2 even floating controls
The correspondence is mainly floats the charge and the equalizing charge two kinds with accumulator cell’s charge way. In order to lengthen the valve to control battery’s service life, must understand that the different charge way the characteristic and the request, carry on the charge strictly according to the request to the accumulator cell.
Generally the seal lead-acid battery is operational the date is apart from the manufacture date time to be long, the battery passes through the long-term self-discharge, the capacity are inevitably massive loses, and as a result of the monomer battery self-discharge size’s difference, causes battery’s proportion, the terminal voltage and so on to appear not balanced, before being operational, deals with the battery to carry on an equalizing charge, otherwise, the individual battery will further develop falls behind the battery and will cause the entire group battery not available. Moreover, if the accumulator cell is not operational for a long time, the stand-by time surpasses 3 months later, should carry on an equalizing charge to the battery.
Under the floating condition, the charging current besides maintains battery’s self-discharge, but also maintains in battery’s oxygen circulation, but under the floating condition the charging current is also and battery’s floating voltage close related. Therefore, to cause the valve to control the lead-acid battery to have the long service life, in the battery use process, must unify raw material which and the unique feature and the ambient temperature fully the battery makes and so on several aspect situations, the hypothesis floating voltage. Controls seal lead-acid battery profession standard YD/T799-2002 according to the correspondence with the valve the stipulation, in the ambient temperature 25℃ time floating voltage permissible variation scope is 2.20~2.27V. The floating voltage establishes excessively lowly, the battery is at for a long time owes the charge condition, not only will form the irreversible sulfuric acid salt chemicals in the battery pole plate interior, moreover also forms the high resistance barrier between the active material and the slab lattice, will make battery’s interface resistance to increase, the capacity to drop. The floating voltage establishes excessively high, the battery is at the surcharge condition for a long time, causes the battery cathode separation H2 and the positive electrode separation O2 complete recombination becomes H2O with difficulty, causes the battery to dehydrate, the slab lattice corrosion acceleration, the service life terminates ahead of time. Therefore, in accumulator cell’s use and in the maintenance management process, should the material which provides according to the battery factory carry on the floating voltage establishment. If the battery factory recommendation’s monomer battery floating voltage is 2.25V, this time should establish abc power unit’s floating voltage is 54V(2.25×24).
Stipulated according to “Telecommunication Power source Maintenance regulations” that the valve controls when the lead-acid battery meets one of the following situations, should carry on the equalizing charge:
1) 2 above monomer battery’s floating voltage is lower than 2.18V;
2) discharges the depth to surpass 20%;
3) leaves unused the time surpasses for 3 months;
4) the full floating time surpasses for 3 months.
3 temperature compensations
In some quite remote correspondence stand, because very little has the air conditioning, the ambient temperature change is big, this has the very tremendous influence to the battery internal rate of chemical reaction. Usually, the battery settles when requests the ambient temperature for 0~40℃, temperature too Gao Jianghui causes battery’s self-discharge aggravating. But battery in use time is harsher to ambient temperature’s request, usually request for 20~25℃. Under this kind of condition, the battery performance is best, the life is longest. The low temperature will cause the battery capacity to reduce, the charge acceptance will drop, the charging and discharging cycle life will drop; The high temperature will cause Pb 2H2O→PbO2 4H 4e- the response to intensify, causes the dehydration, the slab lattice corrosion to increase. Therefore, corresponds on the power source monitoring equipment should have “the battery excessively warm warning” the establishment, once the battery hyperpyrexia, the system will send out the warning. When the battery is not the work when under the battery factory recommendation optimum temperature, battery’s charging voltage should make the adjustment.? Is higher, the charging voltage is lower, is called “the temperature compensation”. Abc power unit’s monitoring equipment adopts “the temperature compensation coefficient” this parameter to come to the charging voltage to make the adjustment, the voltage regulation value is
δv= - temperature compensation coefficient (mV/℃)× (battery temperature - base temperature) ×N (1)
In the formula: The base temperature usually is 20℃ or 25℃;
N is in the battery the battery pitch number, usually is 24 or 12.
Because each kind of battery uses the craft and the material are different, in practical application’s temperature compensation coefficient should the data which gives according to the battery factory make the adjustment.
The correspondence power source’s temperature compensation function is must the influence reduce to the temperature to the battery is smallest, but did not mean had to the charging voltage temperature compensation, the battery has been possible to use under the random ambient temperature. Must know, when the temperature is low, because the floating voltage increases, similarly will cause the floating electric current to increase, slab lattice corrosion acceleration and so on a series of questions; But the temperature is high time, the floating voltage reduces, also will form the battery charge insufficiency and so on a series of questions.
4 in use some items which and in the maintenance process should pay attention
4.1 use environment
The accumulator cell should install in is far away from the heat source and easy to produce the spark place, should better use in the clean environment, the battery room should ventilate good, the non-sun shine, the temperature maintains at 20~25℃.
4.2 power source’s parameter establishments
Some parameter like floating voltage, the even charging current, the sufficient frequency and the time, the extension sufficient criterion, the temperature compensation coefficient, directs current has pressed the warning, the undervoltage warning, the charge current limiting value and so on to after various accumulator cells factory communication determined.
4.3 capacity dispositions
Some power sources dispose battery’s capacity to be small, when cause exchange power cut the battery big electric current electric discharge, affects the battery service life. Usually the battery disposition capacity should in 8~10 hours rate.
4.4 routine maintenances
Perhaps has received some battery factory before controls the type accumulator cell crown to the valve by “to exempt the maintenance” the name influence, the individual attendants then wrongly thought that the valve controls the type battery not to need to maintain, thus was concerned with to it. Actually, accumulator cell’s change is an evolution process, to guarantee that battery’s good state, finishes the operating record is quite important. Every month should inspect the project is as follows: Monomer and battery floating voltage; Whether there does battery’s outer covering distort, the inflation, to infiltrate the fluid; Around terminal post, safety valve whether to have infiltrates the fluid and the acid fog overflow; Whether the connecting strip does screw tight.
4.5 discharge tests
Accumulator cell which disposes regarding the exchange power supply normal telephone exchange’s in correspondence power source, should periodically carry on the checkup discharge test. 2V battery which disposes regarding the switching power supply, suggested that every year does one time, emits the rated capacity 30%~40%; 12V battery which disposes regarding UPS, suggested that every quarter or a half year does one time, emits the rated capacity 30%~40%; The record battery monomer voltage and the battery total voltage, replace the breakdown battery promptly.
4.6 capacity tests
Regarding the 2V battery, should carry on a capacity test electric discharge every three years, emits the rated capacity 80%; Should every year carry on a capacity test electric discharge regarding the 12V battery, emits the rated capacity 80%. In the detailed record discharge process various monomers voltage and the battery total voltage, carry on the analysis, replaces the capacity bad monomer battery promptly.
before 4.7 electric discharge preparatory works
Before the electric discharge, inspects the entire group battery first whether to screw tight, then according to the electric discharge percentage determined that discharges the record the time-gap. Before a group of battery discharge, should guarantee the another group of battery sufficient good electricity first. In the discharge process must watch out for the quite backward battery, prevents some monomer battery the electric discharge. And with recently recorded this record carries on the comparison, achieves to the entire group battery’s running status knows fairly well.
