We are entering for one wireless time, all installments, all electronic installation through each kind of wireless technical each other connection. In this new time, we need the momentary connection, but the ultra-wide band (UWB) technology is precisely the ideal short distance network solution. Has satisfied the people based on the multi-frequency band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM)UWB WiMedia standard to the high data rate short distance individual local area network’s need. Authenticates wireless USB(WUSB) is the first kind based on WiMedia the UWB platform profession standard, this platform may realize MB-OFDM in the real product the UWB technology. Authenticates wireless USB obtained using the USB main engine and the equipment uses this superiority massively, is the USB application provides to the wireless domain shift seamless way. Will authenticate the wireless USB technology to have with the USB same host from the architecture concept. Will authenticate the wireless USB main engine to carry out the majority heavy load tasks, but will complete the data communication respectively from the equipment according to main engine’s instruction.
From wired USB to authentication wireless USB shift
In order to realize from USB to the authentication wireless USB smooth shift, the field has defined several products. These products covered this aircraft to authenticate the wireless USB equipment, the equipment line cable adapter, the main engine wire adapter, as well as using wireless main engine PCI/PCI-e adapter’s similar EHCI solution.
Has many kinds of methods to be possible to shift the present USB main engine system to authentication wireless USB. The customer may use based on PCI or the PCI-e authentication wireless USB attachment card, or use main engine wire adapter (HWA) solution. HWA expands the wired USB main engine function the authentication wireless USB main engine function. In other words, HWA provides the authentication wireless USB main engine function through the USB adapter.
Similarly, the existing USB equipment may also connect the authentication wireless USB main engine. Equipment line cable adapter (DWA) enables the customer to authenticate its existing USB equipment Lian Dao the wireless USB main engine. DWA as the authentication wireless USB concentrator, may realize each USB equipment with its downstream port’s connection, and transforms the wired USB current capacity the authentication wireless USB current capacity.
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| Chart 1:NXPISP3582 diagram. |
DWA may use in exterior concentrator application, but it aims at the embedded application to design by no means. Speaking of the embedded equipment, the DWA performance is not high, moreover the cost is expensive, the size is big, the power loss is high. But speaking of the performance, the cost, the bare piece size and the low power loss and so on target extremely important embedded designs, the authentication wireless USB this aircraft equipment controller is the best design choice. The NXP semiconductor company (NXP Semiconductors) company’s first authentication wireless USB product is this aircraft authenticates wireless USB equipment controller ISP3582. ISP3582 provides the USB function data directly to the equipment function application, it already does not need to obtain the extra data buffering and the dispatcher by way of DWA, also does not need the wired USB port to connect DWA.
The NXP semiconductor estimated that the wired USB equipment and the authentication wireless USB equipment will coexist in a long time, therefore ISP3582 has inherited NXP the wired USB equipment characteristic and the system construction. Its software stack is similar to NXP the wired USB equipment controller’s software stack, may provide the seamless design way for the customer, with the aim of with ease shifting from wired USB to authentication wireless USB.
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| Figure 2: Wireless USB and wired USB connection coexistent system diagram. |
Based on ISP3582 design notes
Authenticates wireless USB equipment controller ISP3582 to contain realizes the authentication wireless USB equipment’s all construction block. These construction block including WiMedia medium visit controller (MAC), MAC-PHY connection, system connection connection, and they are integrated completely in the size for 7×7mm the TFBGA112 seal.
Figure 1 is NXP authenticates wireless USB the equipment controller ISP3582 diagram. ISP3582 integrated MAC, authentication wireless USB agreement abstract level (PAL), parallel IO (PIO) or the SDIO form system connection, the authentication wireless USB data buffer, the serial storage connection, as well as uses in speeding up authentication wireless USB the protocol processing the embedded ARM system.
When from the wired USB shift to authentication wireless USB, ISP3582 is the best choice. ISP3582 may integrates in the system through a 16 bit parallel main line or the internal SDIO main line, and will not disturb the existing wired USB function. This characteristic is important. Because does not take any USB port, therefore ISP3582 has the power loss to be low and cost low superiority. Figure 2 has given wired and the wireless USB coexistent system diagram.
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| Chart 3:NXP authenticates wireless USB equipment controller ISP3582 the simplified design schematic drawing. |
Realizes the authentication wireless USB equipment function to have two key elements: ISP3582 and a UWB physics level chip or chip set. Figure 3 is the ISP3582 simplified design schematic diagram.
1.MAC-PHY connection
ISP3582 MAC-PHY connection (MPI) conforms to the WiMedia alliance “the MAC-PHY interface specification 1.0 to distribute the version”, this enables it to conform to the WiMedia physical level silicon chip solution with each kind to work together. MAC and MPI support this standard 480Mbps the highest data rate.
2.MAC function
ISP3582 the MAC function underwent the optimization in view of certain authentication wireless USB equipment, these equipment “1.0 distribute the version based on the wireless network distributional medium access control” (i.e. WiMedia the MAC standard) and USB-IF “the wireless universal serial bus standard 1.0 revised editions”. It supports the authentication wireless USB 1.0 direct beacon mechanisms, its bare piece size is small, the power loss is low. The MAC construction block integrated by the line speed work advanced encryption standard (AES) encryption decipher engine. The data after undergoing the encryption direct write data buffer storage, but when data transmission, may from the data buffer the readout, then the decipher, carry on the transmission directly. This process does not need to provide the extra temporary buffer for the encryption data.
3. authentication wireless USB agreement abstract level
ISP3582 authenticates wireless USB agreement abstract level (PAL) to conform to the authentication wireless USB 1.0 standards. It has provided one kind of very nimble authentication wireless USB vertex disposition. The user can use except controls outside the vertex 14 vertices. These vertices may dispose alone measure in groups the vertex (bulk endpoint), the interrupt vertex or the synchronized vertex. Each vertex’s biggest grouping’s size, the dynamic grouping size’s adjustment, arises suddenly the grouping quantity is programmable. Each vertex’s buffer size and quantity are also programmable, with the aim of realizing the high efficiency data stream transmission.
What with realizes based on software’s authentication wireless USB equipment is different, the ISP3582 hardware may process succession key and so on DN_EPRdy authentication wireless USB events, not only this reduced the software work load, but also reduced restored the response time which the authentication wireless USB data transmission needed.
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| Figure 4: The exterior microprocessor and NXP authenticate wireless USB between equipment controller ISP3582 the PIO connection. |
4. authentication wireless USB data-carrier storage
ISP3582 provides 64KB the shared buffer memory to supply the authentication wireless USB data buffering and the system message exchange use.
This memory may take the USB data buffer dynamic allocation for any vertex. After the vertex data transmission completes, this memory may activate, supplies the identical vertex use, or is redeployed, for other vertex use.
5. uses in the discharging system work load the built-in ARM processor
ISP3582 integrated ARM7 the RISC processor. The ISP3582 firmware visit hardware, and provides hardware abstract level (HAL) application programming interface (API). The integrated work is easy: The user application procedure only need follow NXP semiconductor company’s standard equipment agreement procedure (DPD) and equipment controller procedure (DCD)API, may realize a USB kind of function or specificly in supplier’s equipment function. Authenticates wireless USB the DPD/DCD level and ISP3582 conforms to the authentication wireless USB mature storehouse, it reduced the authentication wireless USB equipment to realize the work complexity, might realize fast going on the market, and reduced the development cost. In addition, ISP3582 has also provided 32KB ROM and the 32KB specific routine and the data-carrier storage.
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| Figure 5: Authenticates the wireless USB equipment design example using internal SDIO connection ISP3582. |
6.ISP3582 disposition in guidance period, may dispose ISP3582 through the exterior pin the working pattern. For the reduced pin quantity, carried on the multiplying to PIO and the SDIO connection (to see table).
7. system connection: PIO and SDIO
ISP3582 has two system connections and the main line alternative plan: A SDIO connection, or is similar in the SRAM 16 bit parallel input/outputs the (PIO) main line. Is decided for the internal design choice’s connection by the system. ISP3582 SDIO connection based on the SDIO standard 1.10. It supports SDIO the standard 1.10 25MHz clock rate. Moreover, it has one kind to have custom-made the disposition to support 50MHz the SDIO clock rate. Under the SDIO 4 bits patterns, time the 50MHz data rate is 200Mbps. ISP3582 also provides similar SRAM PIO, its 16 bits main lines can provide reach as high as 320Mbps the data accessing speed.
The ISP3582 register and the data buffering memory is the memory mapping type. The PIO signal and system connection diagram as shown in Figure 4.
ISP3582 may realize visit to the register area and the memory area quick speed reading/writes. Authenticates the wireless USB data transmission through PHY, the ARM processor and PIO shares the internal memory buffer.
The mailbox agreement transmits the order and the data between the ISP3582 PIO connection and the internal main line. This agreement uses many channels to realize between the system processor and the ISP3582 fast order transmission.
Mailbox communication protocol based on one kind of interrupt mechanism. After the order or the data are transmitted, internal ARM processor or external system processor by an interrupt triggering.
SDIO is one kind uses in portable equipment’s connection. ISP3582 SDIO conforms to the SDIO standard 1.10. ISP3582 SDIO module meet standards’ 25MHz the SDIO clock rate (may defer to NXP Corporation to have custom-made disposition to enhance to 50MHz). Figure 5 is one uses ISP3582 the internal SDIO connection design schematic drawing.
8.ISP3582 software stack
Because the construction is very nimble, therefore ISP3582 can move certain authentication wireless USB software module. NXP provides the different binary firmware reflection, these reflections covered to have authenticated wireless USB each kind of software request.
In model application software, system application software through DCD (equipment controller driver) and DPD (equipment agreement driver) API and ISP3582 correspondence. DCD and the DPD software module is similar to NXP the wired USB software module. But they have carried on the promotion, thus satisfies authentication wireless USB the new request. The revision scope optimizes, the connection block as well as the wireless media including the power restores the mechanism.
NXP also provides the firmware to facilitate based on SDIO realization. Is similar with the PIO situation, the mailbox agreement uses in the SDIO main equipment and from equipment’s correspondence.
In order to simplify the software development, NXP requests the ISP3582 application software to use DPD and DCD API. All specific Yu Lei and is specificly resident in supplier’s software module in the system processor, and by system processor execution. This kind of construction causes the exploiter to be possible to go round the authentication wireless USB hardware’s complexity, they only need then with ease develop the specific application software through simple API. Moreover, NXP also provides the commonly used software module as a design suite’s part, including mass memory class driver, picture transport protocols (PTP), medium transport protocols (MTP), as well as presence in ISP3582 binary firmware.
Between the exterior microprocessor and the internal ARM correspondence carries on this level. Are transformed from the kind of driver and application software’s all orders the mailbox order, and carries on the transmission through the mailbox agreement. In the ISP3582 aspect, the firmware will provide as the binary reflection to the customer. In the system processor aspect, NXP will provide the reference code as well as the detailed API documents to the customer.
DPD level processing possesses with the processing standard establishment token related agreement, including authentication wireless USB the agreement, includes the equipment notice, information unit (IE) and so on. This software module provides by the binary mode to the NXP customer.
The DCD level carries on abstract processing to all hardware detail, and provides the service to DPD or the authentication wireless USB level, the latter uses it to realize to the equipment controller register’s read-write operation. This software module provides by the binary mode to the NXP customer.
DPD API has defined the function support, moves all possible application software and the kind of driver, they can the high efficiency use the DPD level the service. In view of any specific API group’s parameter transmission is by definition perfect construction of data processing.
Uses ISP3582 the internal design to be possible with ease to realize the high performance
Because on the board the wireless technical design is very complex, therefore NXP unites Asian and US’s many module manufacturer, provides the “one-stop” work style solution to the customer. The module manufacturers besides provide the antenna design, the radio frequency (RF) performance, the adjustment and the software support to the ISP3582 user, will also need to revise its ISP3582 solution according to the customer.
Through with the module manufacturer’s cooperation, the NXP customer may reduce the confirmation time and the work enormously, and reduces the going on the market time.
1. power management
Regarding the portable equipment, the power loss is extremely essential. It had decided a battery’s charge cycle may cause the equipment work the time.
NXP authenticates wireless USB equipment controller ISP3582 to carry on the greatest degree to reduce the power loss the design.
This design has is applying for the patent hardware power management unit (PMU), this PMU unit monitors authentication wireless USB uninterruptedly the activity, it not only saves the electricity through the support authentication wireless USB sleep pattern, and also in authentication wireless USB normal work period will seek for the opportunity to shut off PHY or to cause it to be at the readiness for action, with the aim of further reducing the power loss.
2. authentication wireless USB arises suddenly the packet transmission
In order to raise the media visit efficiency, the authentication wireless USB standard defined one kind to arise suddenly the packet transmission method. In arises suddenly in the pattern, the main engine sends out IN or the OUT data transmission token to the equipment, then carries on or OUT data grouping arising suddenly. In this kind of pattern, the frame time-gap (IFS) is small, and groups the leader length may also reduce, therefore increased the effective data transmission time.
ISP3582 supports USB-IF “the wireless USB standard 1.0″ the stipulation most greatly burst length. In order to support the burst transmission, the user should follow the authentication wireless USB equipment descrptor the reference code, and has custom-made it according to the vertex performance requirement.
3. radio frequency design
ISP3582 is one kind of authentication wireless USB equipment controller, it has not integrated the radio frequency or the baseband function. But its design and the test have given dual attention to most WiMedia UWB the physical level (PHY) silicon chip solution request. NXP joined up with various PHY supplier guarantees the compatibility together.
ISP3582 is the authentication wireless USB equipment controller which one kind integrates highly, its construction causes it very suitable embedded system’s specific request. With compares based on software’s authentication wireless USB equipment or the equipment line cable adapter, ISP3582 in aspects and so on power, performance, size and cost has the suitable superiority.
